Role Playing in an Engineering Ethics Class

Author: Michael C. Loui

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coordinated Science Laboratory, and Graduate College, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

February 28, 1999

Presented at the OEC International Conference on Ethics in Engineering and Computer Science, March 1999

 

Role playing is an active learning technique in which students assume the roles of participants in a case. The case may be fictional or based on an actual incident. The goal of the role playing exercise is to engage the students in the perspectives of the participants to understand their motivations, interests, and responsibilities. Through the exercise, students learn to collaborate with others to achieve wise solutions to difficult problems.

Almost any case can serve as the basis for a role playing exercise during a class period. Here are the steps that I take:

1. The instructor chooses a case and identifies three or four characters in the case whose roles the students will play. Students read the case before the class period.
2. At the beginning of the class period, students volunteer for speaking roles.
3. Each student who does not have a speaking role serves as a coach for a speaker.
4. Each speaker caucuses with the coaches for that speaker to prepare for the role playing session. Together, the students in each group formulate questions to ask other speakers, anticipate questions from other speakers, and prepare reasonable answers.
5. The role playing session runs: speaking students engage in a dialogue about the case. Sometimes the instructor directs a provocative question to one of the speakers.
6. The instructor ends the role playing session and starts a general discussion of the case. Each student who had a speaking role is first allowed to say something that his or her character would not have said. Then other students join the discussion.

Rather than require every student to play a role, I ask for volunteers. I have learned that only a few volunteer: most students are reluctant to take speaking roles. To ensure that all students are actively involved in the class period, I require that those who do not have speaking roles serve as coaches for speakers.

For a fifty-minute period, I allocate twenty minutes for the preparation in Step 4, fifteen minutes for the role playing session in Step 5, and the remaining time for the discussion in Step 6. For an eighty-minute period, I run role plays of two cases in succession: I allocate the first twenty minutes for preparation for both cases, then run and discuss the first case, and finally run and discuss the second case.

If there are many students in the class and time for only one case, I would divide the class in half and run two role playing sessions for the same case simultaneously (Step 5). If possible, half of the students would go to a nearby classroom to run the role playing session, and then they would return for the general discussion.

I feel that in the general discussion (Step 6), students who have served as speakers should have an opportunity to say what they really believe, to be honest to themselves and to other students.

For the conference demonstration, I shall use the "Parkville" case in Harris et al. [1995, pp. 344-345]. There will be three or four speaking parts for the following characters: Elizabeth, an environmental engineer; David, her manager; the chair of the Committee for Environmental Quality; and possibly the mayor of Parkville.

References

1. C. E. Harris, M. S. Pritchard, and M. J. Rabins [1995], Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases, Wadsworth, Belmont, Calif.
2. B. G. Davis [1993], Tools for Teaching, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.